Crop varieties Table 1 Courtesy PABAL

Cereal crops (Table No 1)

Sr.No	Common name	Paddy (Rice)	Jowar (Great millet)	Maize (Makka, makki)
1	Botanical name	Oryza sativa. L	Sorghum vulgare	Zea mays
2	Origin	South India	India & Africa	America
3	Climate	Hot & humid climate	Tropical crop, warm climate	Warm & humid
4	Soil	Light to heavy, sandy loam alluvial, lateritic, yellow to heavy black soil	Clay loam, loamy soils, rich in humus, Black cotton soils	Deep, fertile , rich in organic matter, well drained, alluvial soils
5	Preparatory tillage	Ploughing, clod crushing & 2 to 3 harrowing, Bunds	Deep summer ploughing, 2 to 3 harrowings	Ploughing, 2 to 3 harrowings, ridges & furrows
6	Seed & sowing
	i) Time of sowing	Kharif – June to first week of July Rabi – October (T.N.,A.P., Kerala) Summer – Feb-March	Kharif – June-July Rabi – Sept-Oct Summer – Feb-March	Kharif -June-July Rabi –oct-nov Summer – Jan-feb
	ii) Method of sowing	Broadcasting – 80 to 100kg/ha Drilling – 15,22.5 60to 80kg/ha or 30cm Row to row Dibbling early – 15X15cm2 Mid late – 20X15 cm2 Late – 20X20 cm2 No of seeds/hill 5 to 6 Depth of sowing 5cm ( Common 40-50 kg / ha Seed rate)	Broadcasting, drilling & dibbling, spacing Drilling – 45 cm Dibbing – 45X15 cm2 Seed rate 10 to 12 kg/ha No of seeds/hill – 2 to 3 Depth of sowing – 5cm	Drilling, Dibbing Spacing Medium & full season – 75X25cm2 Early and very early 60X22cm2 Fodder 30 cm Seed rate Grain-15 to 20kg/ha Fodder-75 kg/ha
7	Manures & fertilizers	FYM or compost 10 to 15 tons/ha N P K local var. 50 25 25 kg/ha Improved and high yielding 100 50 50 kg/ha	FYM /compost 6 to 15 tons N P K (kg/ha) Rain fed 50 25 - Irrigated 80 40 40 High 120 60 60 yielding (hybrids)	12 to 15 tons/fym N P K Kg/ha Rain fed 90 40 40 Irrigated 120 60 40 Fodder 120 30 20
8	After care	Weeding – 2, hoeings – 3	Thinning & gap filling, 2 hoeings and 1 weeding	Gap filling, Thinning, hoeings, weeding
9	Water management	Semi-aquatic plant, requires abundant water, optimum water requirement 90 to 130cm	Rain fed crop, water requirement 40 to 45 ha.cm., 4 to 5 irrigation at 15 days interval	4 to 5 irrigations
10	Harvesting	Ears are ripened and straw is green moisture content of grain is 14 to 16%	100 to 120 days, matures in month of November or December	Sheaths of cobs turn brownish and seeds become hard and dry
11	Yield	Early – 35 to 40 q//ha Mid late – 55 to 60 q/ha	Kharif rain fed 8 to 10 q/ha 12-15 q/ha fodder Kharif irrigated 30 to 35 q/ha 40-50 q/ha fodder Hybrids (irrigated) 40 to 50 q/ha 60-80 q/ha fodder	Rain fed 6.5 to 7.5q/ha Irrigated 17 to 18q/ha Hybrid 50 to 70 g/ha Green fodder irrigated 35 to 50 tons/ha Rain fed 15 to 20 ton/ha
12	varieties	Short duration-Karjat184, IR-28, Karjat 35-3 Medium duration – Jaya, sona, IR-8, TN-1, Padma, ACK-5 Long duration – Pankaj, Jagannath, Ratnagiri-68, Phalguna	Kharif – CSH 1,2,3,4,5, MSH-33,37 Rabi – CSH-7R, CSH-8R, , CSH-9R Improved Swarna, PV-86, PV-504 (swati) Maldandi – 35-1 (Rahi) Fodder – Nilwa, Dagadi, Hundi, Kalbondi	Hybrid – Ganga hybrid 1,3,5,101 Ganga safed-2, Deccan double hybrid. Composite varieties-Hi-starch, Amber, Jawahar, African tall, Hunis.